At his
funeral in St. Peter's Square in 2005, there were prolonged chants from the
multitude gathered for “Santo Subito” (Sainthood Now!). On April 27, 2014, the Catholic Church celebrated the canonization of the 264th pontiff Pope St. John Paul II
(born Karol Józef Wojtyła) along
with the 262nd Vicar of Christ Pope St. John XXIII (ne Angelo Giuseppe
Roncalli) in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City.
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Three American Presidents paying respects to Pope John Paul II, April 2005 |
Some
Protestants bristle at the notion that the Church “makes” saints, as nobody
(but Christ) is perfect and that we are all supposed to be called to sainthood
in our Christian identity. Certainly our baptism marks us as part of the
Lord’s people and calls us to holiness. The Catholic Church can
recognize, based on investigation and guidance from the Holy Spirit, that
a person is already a saint, definitely in heaven and having led a life of
great holiness that is worthy of veneration by the faithful. Canonized
saints are important examples to the faithful of how to live a heroic (not
perfect) Christian life.
Pope
John Paul II was a remarkable man who wore many hats in his life. He was a
Laborer, Thespian, Playwright, Patriot, Priest, Philologist, Philosopher,
Pilgrim, Bishop, Theologian, Sportsman, Scholar, Statesman and Vicar of Christ. The cause for John Paul II's canonization
however is not premised on doctrinal
dissertations, academic accolades or even geopolitical accomplishments.
It is about how John Paul II lived his life to reflect the Christian virtue
which still touches the faithful today.
After
several years of investigation led by postulator Monsignor Slawomir Oder, the
Vatican’s Congregation for the Causes of Saints recommended Servant of God John
Paul II’s heroic virtue to the Pope. On December 19, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI
proclaimed John Paul II as “Venerable”. The Church normally requires that
one miracle is attributable to intercessions of a Venerable, but the Vatican
only investigates possible miracles after a candidate is declared Venerable.
These miracles are almost always miraculous medical cures as these are the
easiest to verify.
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Sr. Marie Simon Pierre |
Sister Marie Simon Pierre, a nun from the
order of Little Sisters of the Catholic Motherhood in Aix au Province, France,
had suffered with Parkinson’s Disease, like John Paul II, for four years. She
intensely prayed along with her community for healing through the intercession
of John Paul II only two months after John Paul II’s death. Doctors
determined that Sr. Simon Pierre’s neurological symptoms had disappeared
inexplicably.
After
the Congregation for the Causes of Saints scrutinized the medical evidence that
the healing was rapid, lasting and inexplicable and that is was the result of
praying for the Venerable’s intercessions to God, they made their
recommendations to the Pope. On January 14, 2011, Pope Benedict XVI
determined that the criteria were met to refer to John Paul II as “Blessed”.
Such a beatification is a formal statement from the church that it is “worthy
of belief” that a person has some to salvation but is not to be taken as a sign
that canonization is certain. Pope John Paul II was declared venerable on
May 1st, 2011.
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Floribeth Mora Diaz |
In
April 2011, Floribeth Mora, a 50 year old
Costa Rican grandmother, was diagnosed with an inoperable brain
aneurysm and was sent home to die. But on the day of John Paul II's
beatification, Mora saw a photograph of John Paul II and the photograph spoke
to her saying "Get up" and "Be not afraid". Remarkably, her aneurysm disappeared that
same day. Neuro-surgeons in Rome could not medically explain the
disappearance. This miracle satisfied
the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in the Vatican.
It
should be noted, however, that the Pontiff can give a dispensation for the
requirement of a second miracle for sainthood, as Pope Francis did for the
cause of Pope St. John XXIII, who will share the spotlight with Pope St. John
Paul II in the canonization ceremony. In
the case of Pope St. John XXIII, there were calls to make him "Santo
Subito" too in 1962 , as well as at the end of the end of Vatican II in
1965, but the Church has waited until today to accord canonization.
The
date of the canonization may well have been chosen because it was the
2nd Sunday of Easter, which Pope John Paul II instituted during his Papacy
as “Divine Mercy Sunday”, due to his Devotion to St. Faustina Kowalska
(1905-1938). The vigil mass of the feast of Divine Mercy had just been
celebrated at John Paul II’s bedside when he fell into a coma and soon after
died.
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Pope John Paul II at Auschwitz (1979) |
The date of John Paul II’s canonization also occurs on
National Holocaust Rememberance Day in Israel and during the March of the
Living where people gather in in Krakow, Wojtyła’s home for 40 years, to
march between the Nazi death camps of Auschwitz to Birkenau to remember the Holocaust. John Paul II had
strong connections with the Jewish community in his childhood home off Wadowice, where ¼ of the town’s 8,000 residents were
eradicated for anti-Semitic aspirations of Nazi racial purity. These
events strongly influenced John Paul II’s weltanschauung, since during his
pontificate, John Paul II made great strives to acknowledge the sin of
anti-semitism, especially in the Holocaust, and to strengthen the Church’s
relations with the Jewish Community. In May 1998, Pope St. John Paul II gave a formal apology about Catholic shortcomings in the Holocaust in the proclamation "We Remember: A Reflection of the Shoah".
As a
Pole, Karol Wojtyła was shaped by victimization by totalitarian domination,
first by the Nazi’s then by the Communists. We rightly remember the
suffering of several million Jews being interned and murdered as part of the
Holocaust of World War II, but Nazi Germany intended to eradicate any ‘deviant”
culture, which also included non-Aryan intellectuals, Slavs, Catholics, gypsies
and homosexuals. The Nazi closing of Polish Universities came as Polish
intellectuals were being slaughtered. During the Nazi occupation, Polish
culture was systematically being eradicated and the Slavs being treated as
slaves for the Reich.
After
the Nazi’s invaded Poland, Jagiellonian University was closed and all able
bodied males were conscribed to labor to avoid deportation to Germany. So
the young Karol Wojtyła worked as a limestone quarryman and in a chemical
plant. But the way that
Karol Wojtyła reacted to these events was answering the call to the priesthood
clandestinely and by participating in Rhapsodic Theater, a clandestine company
dedicated to preserve some measure of Polish culture. The group’s concentration
on the interplay of personal relationships and the power of the human word had
a profound impact on how Karol Wojtyła lived his faith under the domination of
the communists and as Pope. John Paul II fought against his ideological
adversaries with the power of the word, sublime yet suggestive symbolism and
fostering a sense of connection and community.
After the Second World War, Poland suffered under the
domination of Stalinist inspired Communism, which sought to reshape humanity
into a Godless existence where the average worker was no more than a cog in the
machine. The communists built Nowa Huta (“New Steel Mill”) on the eastern outskirts of
Krakow in 1947 as a Socialist Realist worker’s paradise with everything but a
church. The faithful kept erecting crosses which communist officials would tear
down. Eventually the piety of Poles caused the people to want a church to
be built, but the atheistic state first refused, then reluctantly agreed to
quell unrest only to renege on the understanding and then crush any
dissent.
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Arka Pana in Nowa Huta, Poland |
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Crucifix at Arka Pana, Nowa Huta Poland |
Karol Wojtyła was then Auxilliary Bishop of Krakow who
defended the faithfuls’ spiritual cri-de-coeur but who shepherded a compromise
with unwilling authorities. When the Arka Pana (“Ark
of God”) Church was eventually built in 1977, prominent features include a 70
meter mast shaped cross and triumphant pose of the crucified Jesus Christ, made
from 10 kilos of shrapnel taken from the wounds from Polish soldiers. These
elements show the influence of Karol Wojtyła by fusing symbolism with Christian
faithfulness, the prominence of the Cross, converting suffering into
constructiveness and fidelity to Polish patriotism.
Then Cardinal Karol Wojtyła was elected Pontiff in
October 1977 during the Year of Three Popes. While Pope John Paul II was
the first non-Italian pope in 454 years and was from a nation behind the Iron
Curtain, he was chosen because of his theology. John Paul II chose as his
papal motto “Totus Tuus”, which reflected his Reflected his personal
consecration to Mary which was based on the spiritual approach of St. Louis de
Montfort (1673-1716)—“Totus
tuus ego sum, et omnia mea tua sunt"
("I am all yours, and all that I have is yours"). In Crossing the Threshold of Hope, he explained that
the “Totus Tuus” motto expressed the understanding that he “[c]ould not exclude
the Lord's Mother from my life without neglecting the will of God-Trinity”. Polish born composer Henryk Gorecki (1933-2010) wrote the choral
piece “TotusTuus” in honor of Pope John Paul II’s
3rd visit to Poland in 1987.
From the start of his Petrine ministry until his eventual
death from Parkinson’s Disease 26 ½ years later, John Paul II’s message to the
faithful was the Lucan exhortation “Be not afraid”. In fact, John
Paul II uttered the phrase three times during his homily at the Papal Inauguration. This message “Be not afraid… open the door wide
to Christ” was chosen as the slogan for his beatification.
It was the
same message that he brought when he first visited his homeland of Poland in
June 1979. The documentary Nine Days That Changed theWorld showed the power that John Paul II
message of “Be not afraid” had with the Polish people to instill the dignity of
the individual to live out their faith and, with the guidance of the Holy
Spirit, renew the face of the Earth and their land.
The millions of Poles who flocked to their favorite
son's first pilgrimage back to his homeland showed that the faithful were not
alone in that officially atheistic state and served as a real retort to Stalin’s taunt of “The Pope! How man divisions does he got?"
Both Lech Walesa, the piously Catholic worker who lead
the Solidarity movement (and eventually became Poland’s President), and Vaclav Havel, the less spiritual leader of a free Czechoslovakia,
credit the fall of the Iron Curtain to the message “Be not afraid” embodied in
John Paul II’s 1st visit to Poland.
On May 13, 1981, Pope John Paul II was shot four times at close range and critically
wounded in St. Peter’s Square by Mehmet Ali Ağca, a trained Turkish gunman. Many belief
that this assassination attempt was a hit job coordinated by the Bulgarian
Secret Police with the complicity of the Kremlin. Yet less than two and a
half years later, John Paul II met with Mehmet Ali Ağca and forgave the gunman on Christmas, 1983.
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[L] Pope John Paul II shot May 13, 1981, [R] Pope forgives Agca December 25, 1983 |
Pope St . John Paul II was convinced that Our Lady of
Fatima kept him alive during the ordeal where he lost 3/4ths of his blood.
TheThird Secret of our Lady of Fatima can be
seen as predicting the assassination attempt on the Pope. The John Paul II’s
faith filled connection between his assassination attempt and the visions of
Fatima that a bullet from his wounds now tops the golden finery of the Our Lady
of Fatima processional statue.
One of
the hallmarks of Pope St. John Paul II’s reign was being a Pilgrim as Vicar of
Christ to proclaim Jesus as the Redeemer of Humanity to all the Earth. Frankly,
he came pretty close to covering it all. It is speculated that the curia
spent about a fourth of their time planning for and executing his 104 foreign
trips to 125 countries which totaled 725,000 miles. While John Paul
certainly visited countries with large Catholic populations many times, he also
visited places which had no discernible Christian populations. John Paul
II not only sought to evangelize for Christ, he wanted to foster interfaith
dialog. For example, in the wake of the September 2001 terrorist attacks on
America, John Paul II kept his planned itinerary to Kazahkstan, which is mostly
Muslim nation.
At the
behest of Pope St. John Paul II, World Youth Days were held every couple of
years at rotating international locations. Skeptics certainly questioned in
disengaged youth would care about such events, but the youth loved to rally
around the Pope and open themselves to the new evangelization. The
vitality of World Youth Day tradition has not subsided in the loss of
John Paul II. These large conclaves of young people meeting to renew
their faithful inclinations echoes how John Paul II loved to channel the energy
of crowds in a positive manner to allow people to feel connected in a vibrant
and visceral way.
The message of “Be not afraid” was epitomized by Pope
John Paul II’s reaction to a musical gift when he visited Los Angeles in
1987. To demonstrate courage,Tony Melendez, a musician without hands played a guitar song with his
feet. John Paul II was so moved by the performance that he leaped off the
main stage to embrace Melendez on the satellite stage. John Paul II’s
spontaneous and evocative human gesture along with his message of how courage
gives hope to all continues to touch the faithful..
While Pope Benedict XVI did not formally recognize John
Paul II as a martyr in his beatification mass, many feel that the manner
in which John Paul II lived with his debilitating disease and how he died with
dignity in the Vatican was exemplary. His final words were uttered in Polish "Allow me to depart to the house of the Father". John Paul II had run the good race
and was not afraid to go home to the Father by extending his life through
extraordinary medical procedures for terminal illness.
In addition, Pope St. John Paul II left a large body of theology during his long pontificate, which will have a long lasting influence upon the Church. These writings centered on phenomology and personalism. His encyclicals considered Christ the Redeemer, morality in the Splendor of Truth, Mariology in Mother of the Redeemer, the Gospel of Life, and Faith and Reason. Many feel that Pope St. John Paul II will be best remembered for his "Theology of the Body", which was based on 129 lectures from his Wednesday audiences, which focused on Christian marriage, celibacy and virginity, contraception and the sacrament of marriage.
The liturgical feast day for Blessed John Paul II will be
October 22nd. In the Liturgy of the Hours for that day is part of the
Papal Inauguration "Do not be afraid" homily. The prayer for
that day in the Office of Readings is:
O God, who are rich in mercy and who willed that the blessed
John Paul the Second should preside as Pope over your universal Church, grant,
we pray, that instructed by his teaching, we may open our hearts to the saving
grace of Christ, the sole Redeemer of mankind. Who lives and reigns.
Pope
St. John Paul II's example of the new evangelization, his example of
forgiveness and fearlessness for standing up for the faith certainly gives the
model to “Be
Not Afraid” in our own paths toward being part of the Community of Saints.